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thumb William Ogilvie of Pittensear FRSE FSA(Scot), known as the rebel professor,〔 (Forenote).〕 was a Scottish classicist, numismatist and author of an influential historic land reform treatise. Published in London in 1781, ''An Essay on the Right of Property in Land'' was issued anonymously, necessarily it seems in a revolutionary age. Along with John Locke,〔(''Are you a real libertarian, or a royal libertarian'' ) ’'Furthermore, Locke based his scenario on pre-monetary societies, where a landholder would find that "it was useless, as well as dishonest, to carve himself too much, or take more than he needed." With the introduction of money, Locke noted, all land quickly became appropriated. Why? Because with money, those who can take more land than they have personal use for suddenly have reason to do so, as between them they will have taken all the land, and others will have to pay rent to them. So, with the introduction of money, the Lockean rationale for landed property falls apart, even according to Locke. And while Locke did not propose a remedy specifically for to this problem, he repeatedly stated that all taxes should be on real estate.'’〕 John Stuart Mill,〔 "The ordinary progress of a society which increases in wealth, is at all times tending to augment the incomes of landlords; to give them both a greater amount and a greater proportion of the wealth of the community, independently of any trouble or outlay incurred by themselves. They grow richer, as it were in their sleep, without working, risking, or economizing. What claim have they, on the general principle of social justice, to this accession of riches? In what would they have been wronged if society had, from the beginning, reserved the right of taxing the spontaneous increase of rent, to the highest amount required by financial exigencies?"〕 Thomas Paine,〔'Agrarian Justice', 1797, paragraph 12: ’'Every proprietor, therefore, of cultivated lands, owes to the community a ground-rent (for I know of no better term to express the idea) for the land which he holds; and it is from this ground-rent that the fund proposed in this plan is to issue.'’〕 Adam Smith and others—Ogilvie is seen as a leading proto-Georgist thinker. His masterwork was republished in 1838, then in 1891 (reprinted 1970) as the heart and subject of a much larger new work titled ''Birthright in Land'', and in more recent years has been republished twice in modern, further expanded editions, using that same title.〔Ogilvie 1997.〕 Ogilvie is cited as an influence by reformers internationally.〔http://www.wealthandwant.com/docs/Ogilvie_Essay_1782.html〕 ==Ogilvie’s life== The principal authority and main published source of information〔see also Ritchie in ODNB, 2004 (whose principal source is also DC MacDonald).〕 on William Ogilvie and his life is his 19th century biographer DC MacDonald, who says: The facts known about Ogilvie’s life are exceedingly scanty, and themselves be of little importance; but when considered along with the conception we form of the man as displayed on every page of his book, the smallest scrap of authentic information will in these days be of some interest, not only to “men of enlarged and inquisitive minds”, but also to readers in general. It is in the book, however, and in the book alone, that we meet face to face with the author. Ogilvie instilled his soul into it, and he left us evidence that it was the chief aim of his life. We, therefore, should as soon think of separating the man Isaiah from the Book of Isaiah, as we separating the man Ogilvie from the book of Ogilvie.〔DC MacDonald's Biographical Notes, in Ogilvie 1997.〕 Born in 1736, William Ogilvie was the only son of James Ogilvie of Pittensear, Morayshire, and of Marjory Steuart of Tannachy in the neighbouring county of Banff. “A born and bred patrician”,〔 he was lineally descended from Gillecrist, the last Maor Mor of Angus, one of the seven provinces of Pictish Scotland. "By birth and lineage an anti-Whig, and, as a man, he must have despised the wirepulling Scotch Whigs of his time as 'but a pack o' traitor louns'".〔DC MacDonald's Biographical Notes (quoting Robert Burns' "'Awa' Whigs, Awa'"), in Ogilvie 1997.〕 There is no authentic account of Ogilvie's boyhood, according to his biographer, who assumes that until he left home for College he was brought up in the diminutive mansion-house of Pittensear and attended the Grammar School in Elgin, the county town and cathedral city five miles away. One dramatic incident in his childhood may have been defining: When the so-called Royal Army was passing through Morayshire in 1746 'Butcher' Cumberland's government troops on their way to the Battle of Culloden, a short halt was made at Pittensear House, and three cannon shots were fired at it. One of these shots struck the front wall close to the dining-room window, and, we need not say, caused the inmates much alarm. William Ogilvie, then about ten years of age, in all probability witnessed that scene—a sad example of what even a Whig Government may do at the head of a mercenary army. He, without any doubt, surveyed the wreck after the storm had passed. We have it on the authority of old people still living near Pittensear, that his mother, who happened to be in childbed at the time, never recovered the shock of that day's proceedings, and that shortly thereafter she was laid in a premature grave. And a few years later, when his disconsolate and broken-hearted father had quitted life's stage, he was left alone, in place of both father and mother, as guardian to four orphan girls. Here we may trace the way in which, what we may call a motherly feeling towards all the children of men, was developed in his breast.〔 In 1755, at the age of nineteen, Ogilvie entered King's College, Aberdeen. On graduating in 1759 he was appointed Master of the Grammar School at Cullen, Morayshire—remaining there a year. He then attended Glasgow University in the winter session of 1760–61 and Edinburgh University the following winter. While he was at Glasgow, studying under Dr. Joseph Black, the engineer inventor James Watt was demonstrating his scientific discoveries at the University and Adam Smith occupied the Chair of Moral Philosophy. MacDonald says that between 1759 and 1762 Ogilvie was travelling tutor and companion to Alexander, 4th Duke of Gordon—"during which time he probably found himself in the company of Adam Smith as travelling tutor and companion to Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch."〔 But Ritchie points out that the period of travel "coincided with the commencement of Ogilvie's teaching duties and () is known to have taken another tutor"〔Ritchie in ODNB, 2004.〕 Ogilvie on 'Grand Tour' would have had good opportunity to survey the broad continent of Europe and witness the condition of its people: his reformer eye would not have missed those circumstances and conditions that were to lead to the French Revolution: The widow is gathering nettles for her children's dinner; a perfumed seigneur, delicately lounging in the ''Œil de Bœuf'', hath an alchemy whereby he will extract from her the third nettle, and call it rent.〔MacDonald (1970, p.162) identifies his source (and quotes it in-text) incorrectly, viz.: "''Carlyle's Past and Present'', inspired by Byron, see ''Age of Bronze'' XIV. 'The grand agrarian alchemy, high rent'." Cited in DC MacDonald's Biographical Notes, in Ogilvie 1997." A correct reference would be: Carlyle, T., 1878 (?). ''The French Revolution — a history''. Copyright edition. London: Chapman and Hall. p.178.〕 In 1761 Ogilvie was appointed Assistant Professor of Philosophy in King's College, Aberdeen, and Regent〔"(A regent, from the Latin regens "reigning", is a person selected to act as head of state).... () ()ccasionally, the term regent refers to positions lower than the ruler of a country.... () a management board for a college or university; this is commonly stated as: 'Board of Regents'" Wikipedia.〕 in 1764. The following year he exchanged offices with the Professor of Humanity, which class he taught until he retired in 1817. Ogilvie appears to have lived a somewhat reclusive life, remaining unmarried and childless. He is buried in the south transept of St Machar's Cathedral in Old Aberdeen, adjacent to his college: a discreet stone in the wall describes him as "William Ogilvie, Esquire of Pittensear, in the County of Moray, and Professor of Humanity in the University and King’s College, Aberdeen, who died on the 14th February 1819, aged 83 years".〔Kirkyard of St Machar’s Cathedral, visited and inscription read by Peter Gibb, August 1997.〕 His Times obituary called him "one of the most accomplished scholars of the age".〔The Times, 23 February 1819.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William Ogilvie of Pittensear」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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